Oven



June 28, 1938.

W. H. FRICK OVEN Filed Aug. 1l, l9 5 6 i 3 Sheets-Sheet l 'l I I S1 @ikW. H. FRICK y June 2s, 193s.v

OVEN

. Filed Aug. 11, 1935 s snets-sheet' 2 W. H. FRICKl June 1938.

OVEN

Filed Aug. 11,v 19:56

3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June 28, 1938 UNTED STATES 'r otros Ar :u

OVEN

William Henry Frick, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to American StoveCompany, S-t. Louis, Mo., a Ycorporation of New Jersey 'Ihis inventionrelates to improvements in ovens and more particularly to a novel burnerand flue arrangement for-portable pastry or bake ovens Vto provide anoven in which it is possible to control the heat in the bottom and Atop`areas vor portions of the oven.

Accordingly, the primary object `of the invention is the provision of anovel oven so constructed and arranged as to make it possible todenitely control the heat delivery to and temperature in the bottom andtop areas of the oven.

,Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel vfuelarrangement for the oven which is such as to enable the aforementioneddesired l5 heat control in the oven.

Another and still further object ofthe invention is the provision of anovel and improved arrangement of combustion chamber and burnertherefor.

2O Other specic objects, novel features of construction and improvedresults of the present invention willvappear in particular from theVfollowing description When read in the light of the accompanyingdrawings.

In -the accompanying drawings which illustrate `one and a preferred`embodiment of the present invention:

Fig. lis a horizontalsectional view through van ovenconstructed inaccordance with the Ypresent 30 invention. Y

liig. 2is a vertical sectional view taken on 'the line 2-2 of Fig. 1looking in the direction indicated by arrow.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken at right angles to Fig. 2 andbeing on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction indicated byarrow.

Fig. 4 is a view in iront elevation of the improved oven.

`The desirability cf an oven which provides for the separate control ofheat to and in the top and lbottom areas of the baking or cookingcompartment of the oven has .been long recognized. Suchfa control of theheatis highly rdesirable and particularly when the oven .is being usedfor 45 the baking oi' breads, rolls, pastries or the like `whichparticularly require variable degrees of heat `in the top and bottomareas of the cooking compartment of the oven. This control of heat isnot .only desirable but is vreally necessary yto obtaina nished productof the highest quality. It will be readily understood that with such a,heat control it will be possible to bake evenly and to avoidover-cooking or burning of the bottom of the ,product or causingover-cooking or burning of the top of the product. 4Recognizing theabove desirable'qualiiications of an `oven for the accomplishment of theVbest possible `baking v andl cooking, the present improvedinvention hasbeen conceived and perfectedvand having Vreference now to the' drawingsin which like parts are designated by similar reference numerals,specific description of the improved oven is hereinafter given.

In the drawings a portable type of oven is illustrated but it is to beunderstood .that the present improvements could equally Well 'be builtinto a non-portable oven. vDescribing that particular embodiment of theinvention as it appears yin the drawings, l ydesignates ra base uponwhich is mounted a combustion-chamber A upon which is superimposed thebaking or cooking chamber B.

In conformity with the present practice of providing cooking equipmentwhich is fully insulatedythe present'device has an insulated'back wall 2and a heavily insulated top 3.k The front of the cooking or bakingchamber is closed :by a heavily insulated door 4 and the side walls and6 are also heavily insulated.

The combustion chamber is dened by the rear wall 2 and the side walls 5`and 6 in conjunction with a bottom 'l and an insulated vfront wall :8which is inset and inspaced parallel relationship to panels 9 and Illpositioned at the lower front of the range. The panel v9 is vreadily`removable to afford access to the chamber C which isintermediate thefront oi the device and the front-wall 8 of the combustion or burnerchamber.

'I'he combustion chamber is closed at itsllpper end by a fully insulatedtop l'l ywhich-at vits rear end is provided with a'plurality ofalignedseparated openings l2 which communicate .with a passage orflueway i3 which is belowa fully insulated member or yplate |14 whichVis arranged in spaced parallel relationshipto the -bottom l5 of thebaking oven to provide a second channel or flueway lli which parallelsthe aforementioned flueway I3 and hascommunicationtherewith at its frontend through a plurality of separated aligned openings I1.

It has been mentioned that the cooking or baking oven is highlyinsulated .due to the double wall construction, but in reality thecooking chamber is in a sense doubly .insulated in that the chamber isdefined by vinternal insulated Vside walls I8 and i9 which are parallelto and spaced from the .previously mentioned outer side walls 5 and B.The disposition of the supplemental -inner chamber vwalls `i8 and .i9 issuchvas to :form at the sides of the oven vertically disposed flues 29and 2l whichat their lower endscommunicate with the burner or combustionchamber A as indicated at 26 and 2l' and at their upper ends communicatewith the baking chamber through a plurality of spaced aligned openings22. The baking oven also has an inner supplemental rear wall which is ofa double wall construction and insulated as appears at 23. This rearwall 23 is arranged in spaced parallel relationship to the outer rearwall 2 so as to form a vertically disposed ilue 24 across the entirewidth of the rear of the baking chamber. This flue, as clearly appearsfrom Fig. 1 of the drawings, has no communication with the side flues 28and 2l but at its lower end has communication as indicated at 25 withthe flueway I6 immediately beneath the baking chamber bottom I5. Theupper end of this ilueway is closed by a cross member 26 and at a pointimmediately below this cross member has communication as at 2l' with thelower chamber portion 28 of the flue box 29. The upper end of the ue boxis adapted for communication with the atmosphere or attachment with achimney should the use of one be -deemed either desirable or advisable.

Although the insulated top 3 in a sense forms the top of the bakingvchamber there is as a matter of fact within the chamber a supplementaltop 38 arranged in spaced parallel relationship with the aforementionedtop 3 to form a horizontally disposed flueway 3l the front end of whichis in communication with the interior of the baking chamber through aplurality of openings 52 which may optionally be closed or partiallyclosed by means of a sliding valve or damper 83 which is operable by ahan-die 34 which may be reached by opening the baking oven door 4. Therear end of the top-most flue 3l is ln communication at its rear end, asindicated at 35 with the upper chamber portion 36 of the flue box itbeing evident from Fig. 3 of the drawings that a division plate ormember 3l divides the ilue box into the aforementioned upper and lowerchambers 36 and 28 respectively.

Referring now to the burner which is utilized for furnishing the heat tothe cooking and baking compartment, this appears at D and is illustratedin the form of a dual burner. The burner comprises separate burnersections or parts 38 and 38 vwhich are cast or formed integrally and areseparated one from the other by a partition or web 48. The burner is ofa U shape in configuration and comprises the legs 4l and 42 joinedtogether by a base or manifold portion 43 which is positioned adjacentthe rear end ofthe combustion or burner chamber. Gas for the outerburner 39 is obtained from a suitable source of supply and is deliveredto the burner through a conventional manifold or mixing tube 44 having amixing bell 45 which extends through a suitable opening 46 in the frontwall 8 of the burner chamber and terminates in the compartment C wheregas is delivered toit by a suitable gas supply pipe 41.

The burner 38 receives its gas through the manifold or mixing tube 48which is provided with a conventional mixing bell 49 which also extendsintoY the chamber C and receives gas from a suitable supply pipe 50.

The burner chamber bottom l' is provided with a plurality of inletopenings through which pass the secondary air for supporting combustionat the burner. Therear wall 2 of the device is at a point below thecombustion chamber bottom provided with a plurality of secondary airinlets 52 and the side Walls 5 and 6 are provided with 'openings 52, 53and 54 immediately hereinbefore described. l

The dual burner is positioned and supported in spaced relationship abovethe burner bottom l and within a suitable burner housing 55, and byreference to Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be seen that the secondaryair inlet openings 5I in the bottom of the burner chamber are within theconnes of this burner housing so that all secondary air delivered to theburners is delivered to the lower end of the housing by which it may beproperly directed to the burner for supporting and assuring propercombustion.

The burner 38 is for providing the heat for the bottom of the bakingchamber while the burner 39 serves to provide heat for the top area ofthe baking chamber. The delivery of the heat of the respective burnersto the top and bottom areas respectively of the baking chamber isaccomplished by the ilue arrangement heretofore specically describedtaken together with the ns or ribs 56 and 57. By reference to Figures 2and 3 of the drawings it will be seen that 'these fins or ribs extenddownwardly from the under side of the combustion chamber top Il and thatthere are two ribs 56 one being disposed in central alignment above eachof the legs 4l and 42 of the burner. The burner orifices 58 arepositioned in these burners adjacent their outer edges and are drilledat an oblique angle so that the ames are directed upwardly and outwardlyfrom the burner at an angle and to each side of the downwardly extendingribs 56. These ribs 56 extend throughout approximately the entirelengths of the legs of the burner and the burner is provided with oricesonly in its leg portions. The rear ends of the ns 56 have portions 51which extend outwardly and rearwardly at an angle to terminate at apoint adjacent the rear wall 6 of the combustion chamber, all of whichclearly appears in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

A compartment E is arranged adjacent the front corner at one end of therange and a main gas supply pipe 59 for furnishing fuel to the burnerYextends into this chamber or compartment where it is under the controlof suitable valves 60 and 6i which afford an .independent control forthe supply of gas to the respective burners 38 and 39. It is intendedthat the heat in the bottom and top areas of the baking chamber bethermostatically controlled and the front panel 62 of the chamber E inaddition to carrying the gas supply control valves 66 and 6| alsocarries a thermostatic setting and control means 63 for controlling theheat in the top area of the baking chamber and a control or settinghandle 64 for controlling the temperature within the bottom area of thebaking chamber. Each of the controls 63 and 64 includes a valve which isoperated by a thermostatic element hereinafter described. Gas in passingfrom the manual valve 6l to the mixing bell 45 of the burner 39 travelsthrough pipe 4la to and through the control 64 and gas in passing fromthe manual valve 60 to the mixing bell 49 of burner 38 travels throughpipe 5I)a to and through control 63.

Inasmuch as thermostatic heatA controls are well known no specicdescription of them is necessary other than to say that the setting ofthese controls will eiect a control of the gas supply to the burners sothat the desired temperature in the upper and lower areas of the bakingchamber will be obtained and maintained. In a control device of thiskind it is necessary to have within that portion of the chamber withinwhich the heat is to be controlled a thermostatic element. Thethermostat for controlling the heat in the bottom area of the bakingoven is indicated at and is positioned adjacent the front end of theflue passageway I6 while the thermostatic element for controlling theheat in the upper area of the baking oven appears at 66 and ispositioned adjacent the front end of the ue 3l above the baking oven top39. 'I'hese thermostatic elements operate the valves within the controls63 and 64. The temperature at which these element will operate thevalves is determined by the particular setting of the controls 63 and64.

It is also intended that a pilot light beused in conjunction with theburner and a valve control handle 6'I for controlling the supply of gasto the pilot light is conveniently positioned on the front panel 62 ofthe housing E.

To guard against any possibility of warping which might take place dueto the hot gases which pass through the flues 29, 2l and 3lstrengthening ribs or webs 68 are disposed in suitable spacedrelationship throughout the length of these ilue passageways. As isconventional in respect to ovens, the present oven is provided withsupports 69 for adjustably receiving a rack which is illustrated at 'I9in dotted lines. Under some circumstances however the baking might bedone by placing the article directly on the baking oven bottom or bakingdeck, as it is sometimes called, I5.

It is desirable to assure uniform heat, and this is the purpose ofmaking the top II of the cornbustion chamber in the form of a highlyinsulated member. In respect to this top member attention is alsodirected to the fact that this top is given a particular specific crosssectional shape which assists in accomplishing the heating effectdesired. This top plate from a' point immediately above the center ofthe two legs of the burner slants upwardly and outwardly as indicated atl I. This inclination serves to assist the heat generated by the burner39 to travel towards the sides of the oven and up the side flues 20 and2l.

In its center the under side of the top plate II is of a V shape incross section or what mightv be expressed as being concave in that froma point immediately above the center of the two legs of the burner theplate slants inwardly and upwardly and has centrally a low spot 12. Thisparticular configuration assists in proper distribution and travel ofthe heat generated by the burner 38.

It has been found that by separating the flues I3 and I6 by an insulatedplate or member such as the member I4 a better equalization anddistribution of heat is obtained in that hot and cold spots are avoided.

Although a dual type of burner has been illustrated and described it isto be recognized and understood that a burner of this kind is notessential to the present invention. Separate and distinct burners forproviding heat to the top and bottom areas of the baking oven could beutilized and the location of these burners could be considerablyvaltered without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Asan instance, with separate and distinct burners the burner 39 could bemoved any desired distance outwardly towards the outer side walls of thedevice and likewise the burner 38 could be moved inwardly towards thecenter of the combustion chamber. As a matter of fact instead of using aU shaped burner a burner of different configuration could be equallywell utilized. A burner with a single legr could be utilized in place ofthe burner 38. As a further possible alteration the burner 39 whichfurnishes the heat to the top area of the baking oven could -be made tohave a single leg and could be positioned along or adjacent the rearwall of the combustion chamber. The above alterations though possibleare not thought to be as desirable or as eicient as the arrangementillustrated inthe accompanying drawings.

Reference has'been made to the pilot valve 61. In combination withthermostatic heat controls it has'become the practice to provide aconstant burning pilot light which functions to prevent the delivery ofgas to the burner unless said pilot light is ignited, and in theprevious reference to the pilot. light valve''l I wish ii to beunderstood that I am referring to a safety valve which operates in themanner immediately above described. Although fixed supports for thereception of a baking Krack are illustrated and have-been described itis to be understood that these supports could be replaced by a suitablelowering or raising device -conveniently operable by a handle or leverso that the device can be raised and lowered in respect to thebakingoven bottom for the purpose of positioning in different zones ofthe oven the article beingcooked. In those instances where the baking isto be done directly on the oven bottom I5 the raising and loweringdevice could be positioned in the top ofthe baking com-` partment sothat it would be out of the way. The present trend is towards makingcooking appliances as pleasing. aspossible in appearance and this ideahas been incorporated into the present device in that valves, pipes andthe like are concealed within the side chamber or housing E while theends of the burner mixing tubes and the pipes whichv supply gas to themare positioned within the chamber. C and concealed behind the frontpanel 9. l l

, Attention lis also directed tothe fact that the outlet ues to thecombustion chamber and the baking oven are yseparate and distinct.

Having described the construction in detail a few words will suiice toexplain its operation. With the provision of the thermostatic controlthe control handles 63`and 64 are set to provide the desiredtemperatures in the top and bottom areas of the baking oven. The heatgenerated and .delivered by the burner 38 passes rearwardly under thecombustion chamber top II in the channelway whichy is formed by the finsor ribs 56 and when it reaches the rear of this channelway spreadslaterally within the chamber formed by the rib extensionsk 57 and passeslupwardly through the openings I2 into the ue I3. tion gases enter therear end of this ilue and traverse it forwardly to enter the fluepassageway I6 at the front end thereof. In traversing the flue I6 thehot gases move rearwardly immediately under the baking oven bottom I5and flow over and around Athe thermostatic element 65 which controls thegas supply to the burner 38. The hot gases wheny they reach the rear endof the 'Ihese hot combus-l flue I6 then move upwardly through thevertical flue 2d behind the rear wall 23 of the baking oven and fromthis flue into the flue box for discharge. Thus it will be seen that theburner 38 furnishes heat to the bottom of the baking or cooking ovenchamber.

The hot products of combustion from each of the legs of the burner 39travel laterally under the combustion chamber top I I and flow upwardlythrough the side flues 20 which are behind the side walls of the ovenand enter the top of the oven through the apertures 22 formed in theside walls at the top ends of these ues. From the top of the baking oventhese hot products of combustion move forwardly and pass into the flue3l through the apertures 32 which are under the control of the damperand also pass over and around the thermostatic element 66 which controlsthe gas supply to the burner 39. In passing along the flue 3l these hotproducts of combustion traverse the entire top of the baking chamber andare discharged from the rear end of the flue into the outlet passage 36for discharge. Thus it will be seen that the burner 39 serves to heatthe top or upper area of the baking chamber.

It is not intended that the damper 33 ever completely close oifcommunication between the interior of the baking oven and the flue 3|.This valve is for the purpose of affording means for increasing ordecreasing Ventilation ori draft. The control of the temperature in theupper area v of the oven is primarily controlled by the thermostaticelement 66 in cooperation with the fuel delivery to the burner 39.

Although a thermostatic control of heat has been described it is to beunderstood that such a control is not absolutely essential and that heatcontrol in the upper and lower zone of the baking chamber could beobtained by a manual manipulation or operation of the gas valves of therespective burners 38 and 39. These valves could be manually set tomaintain at their respective burners a flame of the desired size tofurnish in the different zones of the oven the desired temperature foraccomplishing the particular cooking to be done. Also the heat in theupper Zone of the oven is controllable to some extent through the manualoperation of the damper 33 but it is to be understood however that inthe ordinary use of the device the setting of the damper 33 is rarelyaltered once it has been properly adjusted.

From the foregoing it will be seen that an improved oven which iscomparatively cheap of manufacture yet highly efiicient in operation hasbeen provided. Alterations in the specific construction illustrated arepossible as has been explained, but the inventive concept is not to belimited other than as particularly expressed in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a cooking device, an oven chamber, a pair of gaseous fuel burnersfor heating said oven chamber, a thermostatically operated means foreach of said burners for controlling the supply of fuel thereto, meansto deliver the heat generated by one burner to the upper area of saidoven, thermal means in said oven at its upper area for operating thefuel controlmeans of said burner, means to deliver the heat generated bythe other burner to the lower area of said oven chamber, and thermalmeansin the heat supply located at the lower oven area to said oven areafor operating the heat control means of said last named burner.

2. In a cooking device, a casing, an oven within said casing and spacedtherefrom at its sides top bottom and rear, a burner chamber in saidcasing beneath the oven chamber and having therein a pair of gaseousfuel burners, the spaces at the sides of the oven communicating with theburner chamber and with the top of the oven chamber, the space above theoven chamber communicating with the oven and with the atmosphere, a uepassageway beneath the oven bottom and communicating with the burnerchamber and with the space behind the oven, said last named spacecommunicating with the atmosphere, and means within the burner chamberfor causing the heat generated by one burner tobe delivered to the topof the oven chamber and the heat generated by the other burner totraverse the iiue passageway beneath the oven bottom and the fluepassageway at the rear of the oven chamber.

3. In a cooking device, an oven chamber and a burner chamber, fluepassageways communicating with the burner chamber at its sides and withthe oven chamber at its top, a flue outlet communicating with the top ofthe oven chamber, a flue passageway communicating with the central rearportion of the burner chamber and passing under the oven chamber bottomand discharging to atmosphere, a pair of gaseous fuel burners in theburner chamber, and means associated with said burners for causing theheat generated by one of them to be directed to the side areas of theburner chamber and the heat generated by the other burner to the centraland rear areas of the burner chamber, for the purpose described.

4. In a cooking device, an oven chamber and a burner chambertherebeneath, a pair of gaseous fuel burners in said burner chamber, oneof said burners adapted to direct its flames towards the sides of saidchamber, the other burner adapted to direct its flames towards thecenter of said chamber, partition means above said burners andpositioned between the flames burned at said burners, flue meanscommunicating with the burner chamber at one side of said partition forconducting and delivering heat into the top of the oven chamber, andflue means communicating with the space at the opposite side of saidpartitions for delivering heat against the under side of the ovenbottom, for the purpose described.

5. In a cooking device, an oven chamber and a burner chambertherebeneath, a pair of gaseous fuel burners made integral and of a Ushape, the legs of said burner extending from the front towards the rearof said burner chamber and provided with spaced aligned burner orifices,the burner orifices of one burner arranged in spaced parallelrelationship to the burner orces of the other burner, a pair of bafllesdepending from the top of said burner chamber to a point closelyadjacent said burners and positioned within and extending throughout thelength of the space between the burner orifices of the two burners, saidbailies dividing the upper portion of said burner chamber into two sideareas and a central area, the heat generated by one of said burnersbeing directed into the side areas of the burner chamber and the heatgenerated by the other burner being directed into the central area ofthe burner chamber, flue passageways communicating with the side areasof the burner chamber and with the top of the oven chamber, an outletflue for the top of the oven chamber, and a flueway communicating withthe central area of the burner chamber and passing under the bottom ofthe oven chamber and communicating with the atmosphere for the purposedescribed.

6. A construction such as defined in claim 5, wherein a thermostaticallyoperated fuel control means is provided for each of said burners, and athermally sensitive member is positioned to be responsive to the heat inthe top of the oven and in the iiueway under the bottom of the oven forcausing the operation of the fuel control of its respective burner.

'7. A gas range comprising a housing having a transversely arrangedpartition dividing it into a lower burner and upper oven compartments,two burners located below the said partition, passageways receiving heatfrom one of said burners and conveying it into the upper portion of theoven only .and passageways supplying heat from the other burner to thelower portion of the said oven only, the parts arranged for the purposeset forth.

8. A gas range comprising an oven having a horizontal division composedof two parallel arranged parts having between the parts a hori- Zontalpassageway, the oven above the said division having a bottom, twoseparate depending vertically arranged flanges at opposite sides of saiddivision, two burners one supplying heat between said fianges and theother burner supplying heat outside of said flanges, the space betweensaid anges communicating with one part of the oven and the divisionformed by said flanges supplying heat to the other part of the oven,whereby the upper and lower portions of the oven are kept at propertemperatures for cooking purposes.

9. A gas range comprising an oven having a horizontal division, saiddivision composed of two separated insulated portions forming apassageway between them and having communication above and below saidinsulation, the oven above the insulated portion having a bottomseparated from it and forming .a passageway communicating with one endof the rst mentioned passageway between the insulated portions, twoburners located below the said insulated portions one supplying heat tothe said passageways and the other supplying heat to the central part ofthe lower insulated division, and a passageway between one of saidburners and the interior of said oven, whereby heated air is supplied tothe upper and lower portion of the o-ven above thereby maintaining theproper heat for carrying on the cooking operations. t

10. A gas range comprising an upper oven and a lower burner portion saidoven and burner portion divided by a double wall forming a transverselyextending passageway, the bottom of the oven separated from saiddivision walls and forming a passage between them., a communicationbetween the rear end of the burner section and one end of the lowerpassage and the opposite end of the lower passage communicating. withthe adjacent end of the upper passageway and two burners locate-d in theburner structure one burner supplying heat to the inlet end of thepassageways and the other burner supplying heat to the upper portion ofthe said oven whereby the upper and lower portions of the oven areheated for the purpose o-f carrying on properly the cooking operations.

11.` A gas range comprising a housing having an upper oven and a lowerburner portion said oven and burner portion separated by parallelseparated partitions forming a passageway between them, the oven havinga bottom separated from the said partitions and forming a passagewaybetween it and the partitions, said oven having passageways extendingsubstantially throughout the length of the said oven and said burnercompartment, a passageway for conveying heat to the upper portion onlyof the oven, a passageway for conveying and confining heat to the lowerportion only of the oven, and means associated with said heating elementfor directing a portion of the heat generated by said element into eachof said passageways.

13. A gas range comprising, a housing having therein an oven compartmentand .a burner chamber therebeneath, a gaseous fuel heater in said burnerchamber, means associated with said heating element for directing aportion of its heat to one portion of said burner chamber yand theremaining portion of its heat into another portion of said burnerchamber, means for conveying one portion of the heat to the upper areaonly of the oven, and means for conveying the remaining portion of theheat to the lower portion only of the oven, for the purpose described.

14. A gas range comprising, a housing having a transversely arrangedpartition dividing it into a lowerburner chamber and an upper ovencompartment, a pair of burners located within the burner compartment, apassageway receiving heat from one of said burners and conveying it tothe upper portion only of the oven, and a passageway receiving heat fromthe other burner and conveying it to the lower portion only of saidoven, the parts being arranged for the purpose set forth.

15. In a cooking device, an oven chamber, gaseous fuel burner forheating the upper area only of said oven, a second gaseous fuel burnerfor heating the lower area only of said oven, an adjustablethermostatically operated means for each of said burners for controllingthe supply of fuel thereto, thermal means disposed to be responsive tothe temperature in the upper area of the oven for operating the fuelcontrol means ofl the first burner, and a second thermal means disposedto be responsive to the temperature in the lower area of the oven foroperating the fuel control means of the second burner.

16. A construction such as defined in claim 7, wherein means is providedfor controlling the escape of heat from the oven compartment.

' WILLIAM HENRY FRICK.

